Chen Xu, Rui Yao - Investment choice is critically important in achieving future financial well-being, such as reaching retirement goals, as investors receive higher returns in the long-run if they are willing to purchase riskier investment such as stocks. This study investigates whether gender differences existed in stock ownership using the 2013 Survey of Consumer Finances. Results show that ownership of stocks is not affected by gender in and of itself. Instead, education, income uncertainty and defined benefit pension plan ownership completely moderated gender difference in stock ownership. When working with clients, financial planners should pay special attention to their education, expectation of income uncertainty and defined benefit plan ownership.
